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<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="foomo project docs" href="/opensearch.xml"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.568796bb.css">
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<link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/runtime~main.7421e769.js" as="script">
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<link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/main.86eb1cf8.js" as="script">
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<link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/runtime~main.17c7c6ff.js" as="script">
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<link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/main.1d4d11a7.js" as="script">
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</head>
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<body class="navigation-with-keyboard">
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
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<div role="region" aria-label="Skip to main content"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="#docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">Skip to main content</a></div><nav class="navbar navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation bar" aria-expanded="false" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><b class="navbar__title text--truncate">foomo</b></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/general/intro">General</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/frontend/intro">Frontend</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/backend/intro">Backend</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/devops/intro">DevOps</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/project-management/intro">PM</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/projects/intro">Projects</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/blog">Blog</a><div class="searchBox_ZlJk"><button type="button" class="DocSearch DocSearch-Button" aria-label="Search"><span class="DocSearch-Button-Container"><svg width="20" height="20" class="DocSearch-Search-Icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M14.386 14.386l4.0877 4.0877-4.0877-4.0877c-2.9418 2.9419-7.7115 2.9419-10.6533 0-2.9419-2.9418-2.9419-7.7115 0-10.6533 2.9418-2.9419 7.7115-2.9419 10.6533 0 2.9419 2.9418 2.9419 7.7115 0 10.6533z" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="DocSearch-Button-Placeholder">Search</span></span><span class="DocSearch-Button-Keys"></span></button></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div></nav><div id="docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback" class="main-wrapper mainWrapper_z2l0"><main class="container margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col col--6 col--offset-3"><h1 class="hero__title">Page Not Found</h1><p>We could not find what you were looking for.</p><p>Please contact the owner of the site that linked you to the original URL and let them know their link is broken.</p></div></div></main></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.7421e769.js"></script>
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<script src="/assets/js/main.86eb1cf8.js"></script>
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<div role="region" aria-label="Skip to main content"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="#docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">Skip to main content</a></div><nav class="navbar navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation bar" aria-expanded="false" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><b class="navbar__title text--truncate">foomo</b></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/general/intro">General</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/frontend/intro">Frontend</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/backend/intro">Backend</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/devops/intro">DevOps</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/project-management/intro">PM</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/projects/intro">Projects</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/blog">Blog</a><div class="searchBox_ZlJk"><button type="button" class="DocSearch DocSearch-Button" aria-label="Search"><span class="DocSearch-Button-Container"><svg width="20" height="20" class="DocSearch-Search-Icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M14.386 14.386l4.0877 4.0877-4.0877-4.0877c-2.9418 2.9419-7.7115 2.9419-10.6533 0-2.9419-2.9418-2.9419-7.7115 0-10.6533 2.9418-2.9419 7.7115-2.9419 10.6533 0 2.9419 2.9418 2.9419 7.7115 0 10.6533z" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="DocSearch-Button-Placeholder">Search</span></span><span class="DocSearch-Button-Keys"></span></button></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div></nav><div id="docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback" class="main-wrapper mainWrapper_z2l0"><main class="container margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col col--6 col--offset-3"><h1 class="hero__title">Page Not Found</h1><p>We could not find what you were looking for.</p><p>Please contact the owner of the site that linked you to the original URL and let them know their link is broken.</p></div></div></main></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.17c7c6ff.js"></script>
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<script src="/assets/js/main.1d4d11a7.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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"use strict";(self.webpackChunkfoomo=self.webpackChunkfoomo||[]).push([[1647],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>f});var r=n(7294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function a(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},l={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=a(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(n),f=o,d=m["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||m[f]||l[f]||s;return n?r.createElement(d,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(d,i({ref:t},p))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=m;var a={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(a[c]=t[c]);a.originalType=e,a.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=a;for(var u=2;u<s;u++)i[u]=n[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},9135:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>l,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>a,toc:()=>u});var r=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_label:"Conventions"},i="Conventions",a={unversionedId:"devops/infrastructure/conventions",id:"devops/infrastructure/conventions",title:"Conventions",description:"When creating resources the most important thing is to be consistent.",source:"@site/docs/devops/infrastructure/conventions.md",sourceDirName:"devops/infrastructure",slug:"/devops/infrastructure/conventions",permalink:"/docs/devops/infrastructure/conventions",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/foomo/foomo-docs/tree/main/foomo/docs/devops/infrastructure/conventions.md",tags:[],version:"current",frontMatter:{sidebar_label:"Conventions"},sidebar:"devopsSidebar",previous:{title:"Jaeger",permalink:"/docs/devops/monitoring/jaeger"},next:{title:"Bookmarks",permalink:"/docs/devops/bookmarks"}},c={},u=[],p={toc:u};function l(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"conventions"},"Conventions"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When creating resources the most important thing is to be consistent."),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"resource-naming-conventions"},"Resource Naming Conventions"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The following resource convention is preferred if no other exist in the project:"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[customer*]-[project]-[resource*]-[env*]-[name*]-[region/location]-[index]")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The fields with a * are required."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Legend:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"customer: bestbytes, foomo\nproject: hmd\nreqource: s3, pql, vpc\nenv: prod, stage, dev, int, test\nname: default, general, catalogue-backend\nregion/location: region for this resource if it's region specific\nindex: numbering of the resource, starting from 1 (3 numbers, leading zeros)\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Examples:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"# Foomo customer s3 bucket for prod environment with the described role (catalogue-backend/site-images)\nfoomo-s3-prod-NAME\n\n - foomo-s3-prod-catalogue-backend\n - foomo-s3-prod-site-images\n\n# Foomo customer VPC for stage environment with the described role (default/mongodb)\nfoomo-vpc-stage-NAME\n\n - foomo-vpc-stage-default\n - foomo-vpc-stage-mongodb\n\n# Bestbytes customer for HMD project, postgresql instance for stage environment and default usage\nbestbytes-hmd-pql-stage-default\n \n# Bestbytes customer VPN Tunnel #1 in the stage environment for externalcustomer with numbering\nbestbytes-vpt-stage-externalcustomer-001\n")))}l.isMDXComponent=!0}}]);
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
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Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
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Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
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Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
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||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg blogPostFooterDetailsFull_mRVl"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div><div class="col margin-top--sm"><a href="https://github.com/foomo/foomo-docs/tree/main/foomo/blog/2022-01-25-prometheus-cardinality-issues/index.mdx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Blog post page navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/blog/why-bundle-size-is-important"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Newer Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Why bundle size is important?</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/blog/searching-for-search-engines"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Older Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">The never ending search a search engine 2022-01 edition</div></a></nav></main><div class="col col--2"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#the-annoyance" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Annoyance</a></li><li><a href="#the-problem" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Problem</a></li><li><a href="#the-source" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Source</a></li><li><a href="#the-solution" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Solution</a></li><li><a href="#the-further-reading" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Further Reading</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg blogPostFooterDetailsFull_mRVl"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div><div class="col margin-top--sm"><a href="https://github.com/foomo/foomo-docs/tree/main/foomo/blog/2022-01-25-prometheus-cardinality-issues/index.mdx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Blog post page navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/blog/why-bundle-size-is-important"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Newer Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Why bundle size is important?</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/blog/searching-for-search-engines"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Older Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">The never ending search a search engine 2022-01 edition</div></a></nav></main><div class="col col--2"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#the-annoyance" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Annoyance</a></li><li><a href="#the-problem" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Problem</a></li><li><a href="#the-source" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Source</a></li><li><a href="#the-solution" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Solution</a></li><li><a href="#the-further-reading" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">The Further Reading</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
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Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
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Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
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Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/main.1d4d11a7.js" as="script">
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
|
||||
@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script src="/assets/js/main.86eb1cf8.js"></script>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
|
||||
@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.7421e769.js"></script>
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<script src="/assets/js/main.86eb1cf8.js"></script>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus">
|
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ But, imagine someone starts scraping your website for potential vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Or to quote user <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/naveen17797/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">naveen17797</a> <em>Scientists predict the number of js frameworks may exceed human population by 2020,at that point of time random string generators will be used to name those frameworks.</em></p><p>The point to this story is, be very mindful of how you use labels and cardinality in prometheus, since that will indeed have great impact on your prometheus performance.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-solution">The Solution<a class="hash-link" href="#the-solution" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since this has never happened to me (never-ever) I found the following solution to be handy.
|
||||
Since we can't get prometheus up and running to utilize PromQL to detect the potential issues, we have to find another way to detect high cardinality.
|
||||
Therefore, we might want to get our hands dirty with some <code>kubectl exec -it -n monitoring pods/prometheus-prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus-0 -- sh</code>, and run the prometheus <code>tsdb</code> analysis too.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">/prometheus $ promtool tsdb analyze </span><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which produced the result.</p><div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Block ID: 01FT8E8YY4THHZ2S7C3G04GJMG</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Duration: 1h59m59.997s</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Series: 564171</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Label names: 285</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings (unique label pairs): 21139</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Postings entries (total label pairs): 6423664</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> Highest cardinality metric names:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> 11340 haproxy_server_http_responses_total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">> ...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We see the potential issue here, where the <code>haproxy_server_http_responses_total</code> metric is having a super-high cardinality which is growing.
|
||||
We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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We need to deal with it, so that our prometheus instance can breathe again. In this particular case, the solution was updating the haproxy.</p><p>... or burn it, up to you.</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Flame Thrower" src="/assets/images/flame-thrower-56bcf89132356ff53c03ca029d9d0746.webp" width="1440" height="1080" class="img_ev3q"></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="the-further-reading">The Further Reading<a class="hash-link" href="#the-further-reading" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/tsdb/docs/format/wal.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL Definition</a></li><li><a href="https://ganeshvernekar.com/blog/prometheus-tsdb-wal-and-checkpoint/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WAL & Checkpoints</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/using-tsdb-analyze-to-investigate-churn-and-cardinality" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using TSDB</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/which-are-my-biggest-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biggest Metrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/cardinality-is-key" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cardinality</a></li></ol></div><footer class="row docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/prometheus">prometheus</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/cardinality">cardinality</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/devops">devops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/ops">ops</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/k-8-s">k8s</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/oom">oom</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/blog/tags/memory">memory</a></li></ul></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2023 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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of entries (in the order of less than some hundreds) and do that at significant distance in time
|
||||
(e.g. every hour). In this case your application code can be simpler and there won't be any
|
||||
performance penalty. The other case is when you need to run a lot of custom queries or
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use XPath, which is currently not supported by gocontentful directly.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/foomo/foomo-docs/tree/main/foomo/docs/projects/cms/gocontentful/05-caching.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/projects/cms/gocontentful/working-with-gocontentful-api"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Working with the Gocontentful API</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/projects/cms/gocontentful/api-reference"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">API Reference</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#cache-timeout" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Cache timeout</a></li><li><a href="#asset-caching" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Asset caching</a></li><li><a href="#when-to-use-and-not-use-caching" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">When to use and not use caching</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">github</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/foomo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">https://github.com/foomo</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">legal</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/etc/imprint">Imprint</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">© 2022 bestbytes</div></div></div></footer></div>
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