Add typing for "skmeans" (#43059)

Co-authored-by: Adam Zerella <adamzerella@users.noreply.github.com>

types/skmeans/index.d.ts

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+// Type definitions for skmeans 0.11
+// Project: https://github.com/solzimer/skmeans
+// Definitions by:  Adam Zerella <https://github.com/adamzerella>
+// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
+
+type CentroidValues = 'kmrand' | 'kmpp' | null;
+
+interface Data {
+    it: number;
+    k: number;
+    centroids: number;
+    idxs: number[];
+    test: (x: number, point?: (x1: number, x2: number) => number) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates unidimiensional and multidimensional k-means clustering on data.
+ *
+ * @param data Unidimiensional or multidimensional array of values to be clustered.
+ * @param k Number of clusters.
+ * @param centroids Initial centroid values.
+ * @param iterations Maximum number of iterations. If not provided, it will be set to 10000.
+ * @param distance Custom distance function. Takes two points as arguments and returns a scalar number.
+ */
+declare function skmeans(
+    data: number[] | number[][],
+    k: number,
+    centroids?: CentroidValues,
+    iterations?: number | null,
+    distance?: (x: number, y: number) => number
+): Data;
+
+export = skmeans;

types/skmeans/skmeans-tests.ts

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+import skmeans = require('skmeans');
+
+const dataUni = [0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 3];
+
+const dataMulti = [[0, 3, 4], [5, 4, 9]];
+
+skmeans(dataUni, 4, "kmrand");
+
+skmeans(dataUni, 3, "kmpp");
+
+skmeans(dataMulti, 6);
+
+skmeans(dataMulti, 3, null, 10);
+
+skmeans(dataMulti, 3, null, null, (x1, x2) => Math.abs(x1 - x2));
+
+const res = skmeans(dataMulti, 3, null, 10);
+res.test(6);
+
+const res2 = skmeans(dataMulti, 3, null, 10);
+res2.test(6, (x1, x2) => Math.abs(x1 - x2));

types/skmeans/tsconfig.json

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+{
+    "compilerOptions": {
+      "module": "commonjs",
+      "lib": [
+        "es6"
+      ],
+      "noImplicitAny": true,
+      "noImplicitThis": true,
+      "strictNullChecks": true,
+      "strictFunctionTypes": true,
+      "baseUrl": "../",
+      "typeRoots": [
+        "../"
+      ],
+      "types": [
+
+      ],
+      "noEmit": true,
+      "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
+    },
+    "files": [
+      "index.d.ts",
+      "skmeans-tests.ts"
+    ]
+}

types/skmeans/tslint.json

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+{
+    "extends": "dtslint/dt.json"
+}